Written between 1873 and 1884 and published posthumously in 1903, THE WAY OF ALL FLESH is regarded by some as the first twentieth-century novel. Samuel Butler's autobiographical account of a harsh upbringing and troubled adulthood shines an inconoclastic light on the hypocrisy of a Victorian clerical family's domestic life. It also foreshadows the crumbling of nineteenth-century bourgeois ideals in the afternath of the First World War, as well as the ways in which succeedind generations have questioned conventional values.

