THE HELLFIRE CLUBS - Sex, Satanism and Secret Societies

Evelyn Lord

Yale University Press

2010

250 páginas

8h 20m

ISBN-10: 0300164025

The Hellfire Clubs scandalized eighteenth-century English society. Rumours of their orgies, recruitment of prostitutes, extensive libraries of erotica, extreme rituals, and initiation ceremonies circulated widely at the time, only to become more sensational as generations passed. This thoroughly researched book sets aside the exaggerated gossip about the secret Hellfire Clubs and brings to light the first accurate portrait of their membership (including John Wilkes, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and the Prince of Wales), beliefs, activities, and the reasons for their proliferation, first in the British Isles and later in America, possibly under the auspices of Benjamin Franklin. Hellfire Clubs operated under a variety of titles, but they all attracted a similar membership - mainly upper-class men with abundant leisure and the desire to shock society. This book explores the social and economic context in which the clubs emerged and flourished; their various phases, which first involved violence as an assertion of masculinity, then religious blasphemy, and later sexual indulgence; and, the counter movement that eventually suppressed them. Uncovering the facts behind the Hellfire legends, this book also opens a window on the rich contradictions of the Enlightenment period.