Michel Foucault's 1979 lectures at the Collège de France, The Birth of Biopolitics, pursue and develop further the themes of his lectures from the previous year, Security, Territory, Population. Having shown how eighteenth century political economy marks the birth of a new governmental reason, Foucault undertakes the detailed analysis of the forms of this liberal governmentality. This involves describing the political rationality within which the specific problems of life and population were posed: "Studying liberalism as the general framework of biopolitics". What are the specific features of the liberal art of government as they were outlined in the eighteenth century? What crisis of governmentality characterizes the present world and what revisions of liberal government has it given rise to? This is the diagnostic task addressed by Foucault's study of the two major twentieth century schools of neo-liberalism: German ordo-liberalism and the neo-liberalism of the Chicago School. In the years he taught at the Collège de France, this was Michel Foucault's sole foray into the field of contemporary history. This course raises questions of political philosophy and social policy that are at the heart of current debates about the role and status of neo-liberalism in twenty-first century politics. A remarkable feature of these lectures is their discussion of contemporary economic theory and practice, culminating in an analysis of the model of homo oeconomicus, or economic man. Foucault's analysis also highlights the paradoxical role played by "society" in relation to government. "Society" is that in the name of which government strives to limit itself, but it is also the target for permanent governmental intervention to produce, multiply, and guarantee the freedoms required by economic liberalism. Far from being opposed to the State, civil society is thus shown to be the correlate of a liberal technology of government.
The Birth of Biopolitics - Lectures at the Collège de France, 1978-1979
Michel Foucault
Palgrave Macmillan
2010
364 páginas
12h 8m
ISBN-13: 9781403986559
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Michel Foucault
Michel Foucault foi um filósofo francês. Estudou filosofia e psicologia na École Normale Supérieure de Paris. Suas obras são contraponto à certeza inabalável de marxistas e freudianos radicais a partir de 1960. Foi um pensador de academia. Na década de 60 foi chefe do departamento de filosofia da Universidade de Clermont-Ferrand. O ápice de sua carreira acadêmica foi o cargo de Professor de História e Sistemas de Pensamento no College de France. A partir daí, e também devido a suas conferências em vários países, sua reputação e influência se espalhou pelo mundo. As maiores fontes do pensamento de Foucault foram as filosofias de Nietzsche e Heidegger. Assim, tanto a fenomenologia existencialista quanto a natureza do poder foram preocupações freqüentes do francês. Os críticos reconhecem três fases na filosofia de Foucault. A primeira é a de História da loucura (1960), em que os temas da criatividade, exclusão e repressão são centrais. Da segunda fase é As palavras e as coisas (1966), um de seus livros mais importantes. Vigiar e punir (1970) seria o último estágio de seu pensamento, em que tratou dos modos físicos e psicológicos de controle e exercício do poder.
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